![]() ![]() The most popular varietiesīreeding work on the Cornelian cherry has been ongoing for more than 100 years, nowadays mainly at the HBLFA Schönbrunn in Vienna and at the Institute of Fruit Breeding in Bojnice in Slovakia, as well as in Bulgaria and the Caucasus region. Cornelian cherry is a rich-bearing wild fruit tree that yields 20 to 40 kg per shrub, and up to 70 kg per year on old plants. When fully ripe, the fruits fall off and thus also provide food for numerous animals such as dormice and various birds in the autumn. The drupe surrounds itself with tasty, fruity and sour tasting, pleasantly sweet pulp. Cornus mas has an early yellow flower and typical green-red young twigs įrom mid-August to the end of September, the 2 cm large, oval-round, edible fruits of the cornelian cherry ripen, which now turn deep red and become soft. They are a valuable source of food for all kinds of pollinators such as bees and bumblebees. The sunny yellow flowers of the cornelian cherry, which are in spherical umbels, appear from February to April, long before the first leaves appear. Typically, the leaves are hairy on the upper and lower sides, wavy at the edges, and 4 to 10 cm long. On the reddish-brown and greenish-grey shoots sit the ovate-elliptical leaves, which are glossy green in summer and yellow to reddish-orange in autumn. It grows about 20 to 30 cm in height per year, making it one of the less competitive, comparatively slow-growing woody plants. During this time, it grows into a tree or large shrub measuring 6 to 8 m in height and width. The Cornelian cherry can live for more than 100 years. Since ancient times, the edible Cornelian cherry has been used as food, the oldest finds of seeds in clay pots date back to the Iron Age from 800 BC. The wild form is often found in bird hedgerows, forest edges and sparse mixed forests. Planting Cornelian cherry trees: location and procedureĬornelian cherry: flower, origin and characteristicsĬornelian cherry ( Cornus mas) belongs to the dogwood family (Cornaceae) and occurs naturally from Europe to Asia Minor.Cornelian cherry: flower, origin and characteristics.'Variegata' features leaves with bluish-green centers and creamy white margins. Common name refers to the cherry-like fruits which resemble in color the semi-precious gemstone carnelian (or cornelian). This name was applied to this plant because it was seen as the opposite of Cornus sanguinea, known as the female or wild cornel. The specific epithet mas means "masculine" or "male". ![]() Cornus is also the Latin name for cornelian cherry. Genus name comes from the Latin word cornu meaning horn in probable reference to the strength and density of the wood. Fruits may be used for making syrups and preserves. Fruits are edible, although sour tasting fresh off the plant. Fruits are ellipsoid, fleshy, one-seeded berries (drupes to 5/8" long) which mature to cherry red in mid-summer. Ovate to elliptic dark green leaves (to 4" long) typically develop insignificant fall color. Each umbel is surrounded at the base by small, yellowish, petaloid bracts which are much less showy than the large decorative bracts found on some other species of dogwood such as Cornus florida (flowering dogwood) and Cornus kousa (kousa dogwood). Yellow flowers on short stalks bloom in early spring before the leaves emerge in dense, showy, rounded clusters (umbels to 3/4" wide). Scaly, exfoliating bark develops on mature trunks. It typically grows over time to 15-25' tall with a spread to 12-20' wide. Cornus mas, commonly known as cornelian cherry, is a deciduous shrub or small tree that is native to central and southern Europe into western Asia. ![]()
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